Found At: www.statewidetitle.com
Issue
193
Published:
12/1/2011
The Boundary line between Alamance and Orange counties will change officially as of January 1, 2012 for 91% of the common length (Session Law 2011-88) and again on January 1, 2013 for the remaining 9% (Session Law 2011-87). An official survey is recorded in each Register of Deeds office.
The historic boundary line forming Alamance County from Orange County was described, surveyed and established in 1849. Since then, the location of the line has become largely uncertain as a result of unofficial and unintentional modifications which affect taxation of real property, accuracy of zoning maps as well as the location of school attendance and elections districts within the two counties.
Both county boards of commissioners adopted resolutions (Alamance County on December 17, 2007, and Orange County on January 18, 2008) requesting the North Carolina Geodetic Survey to perform a resurvey of the line for consideration by the counties pursuant to G.S. 153A-18(a). The North Carolina General Assembly enacted S.L. 2010-61, enabling the counties to reallocate properties between the two counties in order for the North Carolina General Assembly to be able to establish a common boundary line that both counties mutually agreed upon. The counties were able to agree with respect to 91% of the boundary line separating Alamance County and Orange County.
The respective County Commissioners have been given more time to determine the most appropriate location of the final 9% of the boundary line separating Alamance and Orange County in order to make a final recommendation for the most appropriate location of the boundary line separating the two counties along the remaining 9% of the boundary line to the General Assembly on or before October 31, 2011. They are to have the remaining area surveyed and where owners of property located within the remaining boundary area request their property be located within a specific County, those owners will be responsible for the costs of such surveys. All such surveys shall be completed by January 31, 2012. A lien in the nature of a tax lien under Chapter 105 of the General Statutes may be placed on an owner's property to recover the costs of any surveys advanced by the counties and these liens may be enforced as if they were taxes. Prior to the short session of the General Assembly in 2012, the County Boards of Commissioners must submit a recommendation in the form of a local bill for the location of a final boundary line along the remaining area separating the two counties. Affected property owners have the right to address the County Boards of Commissioners regarding the status of their property located within the remaining area, as that status relates to the affected boundary, at any regularly scheduled public meeting where public comment is traditionally accepted.
Until the final boundary line separating the two counties is established, they must maintain the currently recognized boundary line in the nine percent (9%) boundary area for all governmental purposes. All documents required or permitted to be filed or registered, involving residents and property in areas affected by the resurvey of the boundary line that previously were recorded in one of the counties must be recorded in the county to which the property has been reassigned after January 1, 2012 except as otherwise provided in SL 2011-88. Unlike older boundary relocations, public records filed or recorded prior to July 1, 2011 relating to residents and property located in areas affected by the resurvey of the boundary line will remain in the County where originally filed and will be valid public records as to the property and persons involved, even though they are recorded in the adjoining county where they are no longer located. This will make title examination with respect to affected properties particularly difficult where the properties pass by intestacy or operation of law. The GIS departments of the respective counties will be the source of the most reliable information with regard to relocated parcels and title examiners will often need to commute between the county seats in order to complete title searches for those affected properties. Please note, that there are some areas of maps with no official county line shown, this is not an error, and these are the areas representing the last 9% that will change in 2013.
When landowners donate a conservation easement to a qualified land trust, they are able to retain ownership and management of their land. They can sell or pass the land on to their heirs; all while restricting and limiting development in the future. Conservation easements are voluntary legal agreements between a private landowner and a land trust or government agency that permanently limits uses of the land in order to protect is conservation values. When a landowner grants a conservation easement to a qualified land trust, they are giving away some of the rights inherent in the ownership of the land. Conservation easements typically restrict the amount and kind of future development of the land in order to preserve it for agriculture, timber production, open space, wildlife habitat or to create riparian and watershed buffers.
A conservation easement has the potential to reduce federal estate taxes if the value of the land is sufficiently reduced. There can be significant estate tax benefits if the grant of the conservation is donative. Landowners who donate a conservation easement may deduct the value of the donation as a charitable gift on their income taxes. Thus, property owners can protect their land from over development and qualify for a federal tax deduction. There are some special tax incentives for easement donations that make this type of charitable gift even more attractive.
In 2006, Congress approved an expansion of the federal tax incentive for conservation easement donations. The law, extended in 2010, enables landowners who protect their land using voluntary conservation easements to earn increased tax deductions and a longer time to recover the donation of their conservation easements. The law increased the tax deduction for conservation easement donations from 30 to 50 percent of a qualified donor's yearly income. The incentive allows qualified working farmers and ranchers to deduct up to 100 percent of their income. For all landowners taking advantage of the enhancements, the law extended the deduction carry-forward period from 5 years to 15 years.
The enhanced tax incentive applies only to transactions made after 2006 and completed before December 31, 2011, when eligibility for the enhanced incentive expires. The Land Trust Alliance and other groups are encouraging Congress to make the enhanced tax incentive permanent, but there's no guarantee they will be successful.
Set to expire at the end of 2009, Congress renewed the enhanced tax incentive for conservation easement donations retroactively in December 2010; it currently expires December 31, 2011 if not extended again by Congress. The potential expiration of these enhanced tax incentives makes 2011 an extra good time to donate a conservation easement.
Without the enhanced easement incentive, a landowner earning $50,000 a year who donated a $1,000,000 conservation easement could take a $15,000 charitable deduction for the year of the donation and for the subsequent 5 years, totaling of $90,000 in tax deductions. The enhanced easement deduction allows that same landowner to deduct $25,000 for the year of the donation and for the subsequent 15 years totaling $400,000 in deductions. If the landowner is a qualified farmer or rancher, they can zero out their taxes for 16 years taking $800,000 in deductions for their million dollar gift and if their income increases up to a maximum of $1,000,000.
The applicable law defines a farmer or rancher as someone who receives more than 50 percent of his or her gross income from "the trade or business of farming." The law references an estate tax provision [Internal Revenue Code (IRC) 2032A(e)(5)] to define activities that count as farming. Specifically, those activities include:
The qualified farmer or rancher provision also applies to farmers who are organized as C corporations. For an easement to qualify for the special treatment, it must contain a restriction requiring that the land remain "available for agriculture."
In summary, by donating conservation easements to qualified land trusts and taking timely advantage of the enhanced federal tax incentive before it expires, qualified landowners, ranchers and farmers can keep their land in ranching and farming, retain family control of the land if they desire, and receive greater credit for these very valuable donations while still retaining title to their land.